Abstract : Background: The review provides detail about effect of use of digital medium overall health of under-five children. now a days the use of digital media is very high due to the COVID – 19 and lockdown. the main aim of this article analysis to assess the effect of digital media use on the health of under-five children during COVID-19. Objectives: 1. To discuss the effect of digital medium on under-five children. 2. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of use of digital media during lockdown due to COVID – 19 outbreak.3. Parentview regarding use of digital medium in children. Method : critical evaluation of literature synthesizing result from computerized database searches, hand searches and written articles, abstracts is considered and checked from sources; PUB; MED; Medline; newspaper. Result: The screen-time burden ranged In middle-income countries, or developing countries from 21 to 98 per cent, and 10% to 93.7% in high-income countries. The social ecological model was used to explain related variables and correlations, like infants, care takers, micro and macro digital media environments; lockdown due to COVID- 19 related factors.Children identified many physical and mental health problems in this study, without suggesting addiction or overuse of the Internet. Symptoms of ill health included issues with the skin, headaches, no food and exhaustion. Children have documented cognitive salience of online activities, violence, and sleeping problems for mental health symptoms. Often within 30 minutes of technology they reported these problems to us.
Review of Literature : SOURCES
Many resources aimed at promoting healthy practices and behaviors in children have emerged. as such, there is a real need to support stakeholder with trusted sources of activities and searched online resources. Such activities and resources should consider equity, protection of children from excessive use of technologies, opportunities for parent child interaction. This is specially crucial for high socio-economic status communitypeople.
EVIDENCES
Collected from published articles, articles of review, abstract, editorials and copyright, media, state record, trial are required to develop effective use of digital medium in children and their problems. Order to further research is needed.
TOOLS OF DIGITAL MEDIA
• E-Trade
• Games-online, computer and console
• Blogs and Smartphone Phones
• Entertainment
• Social Networks
• Video Clip
• Improved Reality
• Absolutely True
• Visualization of the data
• Products based on location
• Story telling interactively(5)
Benefits of use of digital media and technology in under-five children.
Certain digital tools are very useful for family interaction. Like video calling by using different applications. It is very useful during lockdown; It is important to support healthy development of children through co-viewing and co-playing under the supervision of theparents. (1) It helps in cognitive, linguistics and social emotional development of the child; Parentscan choose high quality digital content for their children’s viewing. And parents choosethecontent for their children’s viewing; Digital medium helps the parent and child togetherness.Innovation accelerates and enriches key competencies. Students profit from technology. Increase in the content faster and, as such, will absorb the information Faster then. Children can find electronic material more stimulating and interactive.(6)
Disadvantages of use of digital media by under-five children.
More screen time from devices like smart phones etc. is producing harmful blue light which can cause Kid's headaches, eye pressure and skin pain;(7)Sleep deprivation because of the excessiveuse of Smartphone’s and playing video games etc. may lead stress and depression inthe children; Dyslexia is very common among children who is more busy with the digital media; There is a lack of communicationbetween children’s and parents because of excessive use ofplaying video- games and Smartphone uses; There is increases chances of mental illness likeanxiety, psychosis and attention deficit; It increases the chances of obesity in children becauseof less physical activity. The blue light emitted by the devices can push back sleep schedule by 2-3 hours. That is why, most of the schools which are conducting virtual classes are providing 5-minute breaks between classes, and after three or more classes, they are giving a breather of 20 minutes. Besides classes, children spend time on phones to play video games, watch videos etc. Parents must take care to monitor how much unproductive time their kids are spending with electronic devices.
Using digital Technology as a Parenting Tool:
CHILD DEVELOPMENT Young children have specific needs of the elderly, and teenagers. Kids between the ages of five and eight learn quickly, using both their senses and their whole bodies to make the world look and understand it. All over. All done. Through this time of their lives they learn about five fundamental developmental aspects through their play and exploration.(6)
Developing socially and emotionally. Learning interactions are given significance by the opportunity to shape and maintain relationships. Responsive experiences include a sense of well-being that encourages children to develop relationships with others and take a constructive role Throughout the education system. Language Growth. Language empowers children to. Participate in educational cognitive and affective dimensions. Verbal and nonverbal language learning gives children the ability to interact with others, expressing their thoughts, feelings , and experiences.Physical wellbeing and the growth of motor systems. The wellbeing of a child is related to the readiness for and success of learning activities. Safe children should concentrate on and engage actively in activities that are essential to the learning process.
Sense of self and Intellect. Children need opportunities to communicate with the people and objects in their life, and to learn from them. Experiences and experiences with peers and adults help children to gain information about patterns, understand the relationships between objects or ideas, and learn ways to solve problems. Know Approaches. Children can learn a number of ways to be effective. By 'u Keeping a child occupied. All parents have those moments when they need something to keep their kids busy so that they can do things around the house, whether it takes themA shower, pay bills or have dinner. In these, many parents turn to technologyCircumstances, but most suggest books, games, and events are much more likely to be used to keep children busy.8
Calming an upset child. If an infant is distressed and the parent attempts to console him or her
In down, people are much more likely to use digital media like mobile phone, sports, television watching, etc.
Educating a child. When parents of children under the age of five are looking for a digital media, they are far more likely to guide their children to learning Boys use digital technology.
Parents view by use of digital medium in under-five children
For the case of technology use, parents are more likely to see educational benefits than disadvantages, this is not the case when it comes to their children's social skills, or behavior.Are worried about their child being threatened by phone or how much Your child spends his or her time using their devices, with about three out of ten concerned about whom their child is.Kids of all ages are constantly exposed to mobile devices, be it through the smart phones of their parents or through their home tablets. Because of stress, parents may begin to see changes in their children's actions such as repetitive protests, refusals, resistance, rebellion or withdrawal, and it's not uncommon for some children to fall further behind. Parental support during this process (8).
Impact of online classes in under-five children
With the ongoing corona virus pandemic, schools are shut and hundreds of millions of kids around the world are trapped at home. UNESCO has taken note of the regional context, “Half of the total number of learners — some 826 million (82.6 crore) students — kept out of the classroom by the Covid-19 pandemic, do not have access to a household computer and 43 per cent (706 million or 70.6 crore) have no internet at home, at a time when digitally-based distance learning is used to ensure educational continuity in the vast majority of countries.” But is this really a nightmare scenario for education E-learning is set to play a much bigger role in the education sector this decade. Children currentlyunder five have never experienced a world without the internet, mobile devices, and other digital solutions. This has a great impact on the channels through which they learn new things.While e-learning plays a role in reinforcing classroom lessons, new digital paradigms in entertainment and media are having a profound impact on how today’s children access andassimilate information.(9)According to the pediatrician, prolonged screen time does not directly hinder learning ability, but may cause attention deficiency and significant changes in children's mood, which in turn prevents learning abilities. “It is an established fact that active learning is the best way to retain information, so if they stare at a screen all day then their attention spans will decrease. They will have issues concentrating in class which will affect learning,”For certain cases, however, the digital medium may also prove a blessing, offering means for immersive stimulation. “It is not all bad for a limited time period. Even classrooms can be boring and hard to concentrate in, but sometimes some digital education platforms can prove to be more interactive and beneficial for children,” Thus, though hours of cartoons watching may adversely affect the child's learning capacity, an interactive quiz or game may be more effective than a class taught by a dreary teacher. . Many daycare centers use the technology in their lessons. This can include interactive e-books, such as songs, images, animation, sound effects, and narrations. Studies show that children can benefit from learning in ways that incorporate various media. For certain cases one parent drops children off at daycare and picks them up by another. This can become overwhelming for office workers and teachers when the daycare centers recruit thousands of students. Not knowing when a child has been checked in, or who has picked them up, can easily become a security issue. Several child care centers are transitioning to a form of digital to make this process easier. Teachers can easily take and upload photos and parents can see what their children are doing throughout the day. The software can also track children's eating habits, potty breaks, sleep patterns, and more, from teacher uploads. Parents can receive the information in real time via text messages and push notifications. Time, however, is only one metric which should be considered in this age range with the use of technology for children. Additionally, families and early educators should recognize the nature of the material, the sense of use, and the opportunities that technology provides for improving or establishing connections.For good mental health, having enough sleep, consuming healthy foods, and exercising are all important. When your children experience withdrawal from their usual school routines, make learning opportunities for your child more tailored to their talents, desires and level of ability. The easiest way to teach these self-care techniques to children is for parents to adopt them, too.
Discussion : No screen time is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics before a child is two years old. They suggest a mere one hour of immersive screen time from 2-6 years. After 6 years, only two hours is recommended per day.(10)Parents should play an active role in involving children in technology, but they can also prove that life is more important than living behind a computer. I think technology making kids antisocial or obese is an excuse for a bigger problem that's behind everything else. And I think it's about upbringing, so many young adults agree with this thought too. The best analogy that can be given to Giving a child technology is about allowing the child to have an open social networking account. Children are advised at a young age not to speak to strangers. The concept is drilled into their minds because it outlines the dangers of communicating to someone they don't meet. The same parent, however, allows their child to have a social media account to do whatever they want.This makes it impossible not to communicate with strangers unless there is a certain responsibility and discipline established in advance. Getting the access they do is the first generation of children, and it's still too early to claim technology is either good or bad. We must continue to understand this situation better and recognize valid empirical and true impacts of technology on children
Strengths
To planning, implementing, tracking and improving of children health in India. Create daily routine of children to use of digital media. Avoid excessive use of digital media specially during this lockdown period of COVID - 19.
Weakness
Children with chronic use of digital medium may badly affect the health of the children. Parent control is not there can worsen the condition.
Progression
To planning, implementing, tracking, evaluating and improving in the family life reduces the hazards of excess use of digital technology.
Conclusion : Continuous access via TV, cell phones, movies, music, video games and the Internet to many various news sources. Media News. can develop educational skills, learning opportunities, interest, Fantasy, and communication. But it can also teach negative life lessons; take too much energy for kids; and distract them from exercise, other physical activity, and socializing. Parents can help steer media choices for their children by telling them themselves on current media sources (including the newest Internet platforms for media production and consumption and communication). Far frequently than anybody else, students are victims of social networks. This may be due to social media being an enticing way for students to escape boredom when studying or checking their course material online, diverting their focus away from their studies.
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